England is one of the 4 countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and occupies the vast majority of its 130,279 km² area. The capital of England is London, which is also the largest city in the whole of the United Kingdom. England has a population of almost 56 million people, with a population density of 407 inhabitants per km². The entire United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy, headed by Queen Elizabeth II, who holds all executive power.

It is largely surrounded by the sea and is separated from continental Europe by the English Channel, which is only 34 kilometres wide at its narrowest point. England is dominated by lowlands, but there is some mountainous terrain as well, particularly in the north of the country, where the Pennines are located. Worthy of note are the white chalk cliffs that run along the Lancashire coast, and which are a popular tourist attraction. Temperature fluctuations are not common in England due to the coastal temperate climate, but the weather is very unpredictable with frequent rainfall.